Class 12 Physics Syllabus

Mechanics

1. Rotational dynamics

1.1 Equation of angular motion, Relation between linear and angular kinematics 1.2 Kinetic energy of rotation of rigid body 1.3 Moment of inertia; Radius of gyration 1.4 Moment of inertia of a uniform rod 1.5 Torque and angular acceleration for a rigid body 1.6 Work and power in rotational motion 1.7 Angular momentum, conservation of angular momentum.

2. Periodic motion

2.1 Equation of simple harmonic motion (SHM) 2.2 Energy in SHM 2.3 Application of SHM: vertical oscillation of mass suspended from coiled spring 2.4 Angular SHM, simple pendulum 2.5 Oscillatory motion: Damped oscillation, Forced oscillation and resonance.

3. Fluid statics

3.1 Fluid statics: Pressure in a fluid; Buoyancy 3.2 Surface tension: Theory of surface tension; Surface energy 3.3 Angle of contact, capillarity and its applications 3.4 Fluid Dynamics: Newton's formula for viscosity in a liquid; Coefficient of viscosity 3.5 Poiseuille's formula and its application 3.6 Stokes law and its applications 3.7 Equation of continuity and its applications 3.8 Bernoulli's equation and its applications.

Heat and Thermodynamics

4. First law of thermodynamics

4.1 Thermodynamic systems 4.2 Work done during volume change 4.3 Heat and work; Internal energy and First law of thermodynamics 4.4 Thermodynamic processes: Adiabatic, isochoric, isothermal and isobaric 4.5 Heat capacities of an ideal gas at constant pressure and volume and relation between them 4.6 Isothermal and Adiabatic processes for an ideal gas.

5. Second law of thermodynamics

5.1 Thermodynamic systems and direction of thermodynamic processes 5.2 Second law of thermodynamics 5.3 Heat engines 5.4 Internal combustion engines: Otto cycle, Diesel cycle; Carnot cycle 5.5 Refrigerator 5.6 Entropy and disorder (introduction only)

Wave and Optics

6. Wave motion

6.1 Progressive waves 6.2 Mathematical description of a wave 6.3 Stationary waves

7. Mechanical waves

7.1 Speed of wave motion; Velocity of sound in solid and liquid 7.2 Velocity of sound in gas 7.3 Laplace's correction 7.4 Effect of temperature, pressure, humidity on velocity of sound.

8. Wave in pipes and strings

8.1 Stationary waves in closed and open pipes 8.2 Harmonics and overtones in closed and open organ pipes 8.3 End correction in pipes 8.4 Velocity of transverse waves along a stretched string 8.5 Vibration of string and overtones 8.6 Laws of vibration of fixed string.

9. Acoustic phenomena

9.1 Sound waves: Pressure amplitude 9.2 Characteristics of sound: Intensity; loudness, quality and pitch 9.3 Doppler's effect.

10. Nature and propagation of light

10.1 Huygen's principle 10.2 Reflection and Refraction according to wave theory

11. Interference

11.1 Phenomenon of Interferences: Coherent sources 11.2 Young's double slit experiment.

12. Diffraction

12.1 Diffraction from a single slit 12.2 Diffraction pattern of image; Diffraction grating 12.3 Resolving power of optical instruments.

13. Polarization

13.1 Phenomenon of polarization 13.2 Brewster's law; transverse nature of light 13.3 Polaroid.

Electricity and Magnetism

14. Electrical circuits

14.1 Kirchhoff's law 14.2 Wheatstone bridge circuit; Meter bridge 14.3 Potentiometer: Comparison of e.m.f., measurement of internal resistances of a cell 14.4 Super conductors; Perfect conductors 14.5 Conversion of galvanometer into voltmeter and ammeter; Ohmmeter 14.6 Joule's law

15. Thermoelectric effects

15.1 Seebeck effect; Thermocouples 15.2 Peltier effect: Variation of thermoelectric e.m.f. with temperature; Thermopile

16. Magnetic field

16.1 Magnetic field lines and magnetic flux; Oersted's experiment 16.2 Force on moving charge; Force on a conductor 16.3 Force and Torque on rectangular coil, Moving coil galvanometer 16.4 Hall effect 16.5 Magnetic field of a moving charge 16.6 Biot and Savart law and its application to (i) a circular coil (ii) a long straight conductor (iii) a long solenoid 16.7 Ampere's law and its applications to (i) a long straight conductor (ii) a straight solenoid (iii) a toroidal solenoid 16.8 Force between two parallel conductors carrying current — definition of ampere

17. Magnetic properties of materials

17.1 Magnetic field lines and magnetic flux 17.2 Flux density in magnetic material; Relative permeability; Susceptibility 17.3 Hysteresis 17.4 Dia, para and ferro-magnetic materials

18. Electromagnetic Induction

18.1 Faraday's laws; Induced electric fields 18.2 Lenz's law, Motional electromotive force 18.3 A.C. generators; Eddy currents 18.4 Self-inductance and mutual inductance 18.5 Energy stored in an inductor 18.6 Transformer.

19. Alternating currents

19.1 Peak and rms value of AC current and voltage 19.2 AC through a resistor, a capacitor and an inductor 19.3 Phasor diagram 19.4 Series circuits containing combination of resistance, capacitance and inductance 19.5 Series resonance, quality factor 19.6 Power in AC circuits: power factor

Modern Physics

20. Electrons

20.1 Milikan's oil drop experiment 20.2 Motion of electron beam in electric and magnetic fields 20.3 Thomson's experiment to determine specific charge of electrons

21. Photons

21.1 Quantum nature of radiation 21.2 Einstein's photoelectric equation; Stopping potential 21.3 Measurement of Plank's constant

22. Semiconductor devices

22.1 P-N Junction 22.2 Semiconductor diode: Characteristics in forward and reverse bias 22.3 Full wave rectification 22.5 Logic gates; NOT, OR, AND, NAND and NOR.

23. Quantization of energy

23.1 Bohr's theory of hydrogen atom 23.2 Spectral series; Excitation and ionization potentials 23.3 Energy level; Emission and absorption spectra 23.4 De Broglie Theory; Duality 23.5 Uncertainty principle 23.6 X-rays: Nature and production; uses 23.7 X-rays diffraction, Bragg's law.

24. Radioactivity and nuclear reaction

24.1 Alpha-particles; Beta-particles, Gamma rays 24.2 Laws of radioactive disintegration 24.3 Half-life, mean-life and decay constant 24.4 Geiger-Muller Tube 24.5 Carbon dating 24.6 Medical use of nuclear radiation and possible health hazard.

25. Recent trends in physics

25.1 Surface waves: Rayleigh and Love waves; Internal waves: S and P-waves; Wave patterns of Gorkha Earthquake 2015 25.2 Gravitational Wave; Nanotechnology; Higgs Boson