Class 12 Economics Syllabus

• Chapter 1: Basic Concepts of Economics and Allocation of Resources

  • Concept of Scarcity and Choice

  • Concepts of Allocation of Resources

  • Basic Problems related to Allocation of Resources

  • Opportunity Cost

  • Production Possibility Curve (PPC)

  • Division of Labour

  • Specialization

  • Types of Economy / Economic System

• Chapter 2: Microeconomics

  • Unit 2.1: Market and Revenue Curves

    • Concept of Market

    • Classification of Market

    • Concepts of Total, Average and Marginal Revenue

    • Revenue Curves under Perfect Competition Market

    • Revenues under Monopoly Market

  • Unit 2.2: Cost Curves

    • Basic Concept of Cost

    • The Concepts of Total Cost, Marginal Cost and Average Cost

    • Relation between MC, AVC, and AC

    • The Long-Run Cost Curve

  • Unit 2.3: Theory of Price and Output Determination

    • Concept of Equilibrium

    • Equilibrium of Firm: TR-TC and MR=MC Approaches

    • Price and Output Determination under Perfect Competition

    • Analysis of Equilibrium of Industry

    • Analysis of Equilibrium of a Firm

    • Long-Run Equilibrium of the Industry and Firm

    • Monopoly Market

    • Marginal Revenue=Marginal Cost (MR=MC) Approach

    • Long Run Equilibrium of Firm under Monopoly

  • Unit 2.4: Theory of Factor Pricing

    • Basic Concept of Factors of Production

    • Rent (Ricardian Theory of Rent)

    • Wage

    • Interest (Classical Theory of Interest)

    • Profit (Risk Bearing Theory of Profits, Uncertainty Bearing Theory of Profits)

• Chapter 3: Macroeconomics

  • Unit 3.1: Banking System and Monetary Policy

    • Concept, Meaning, Role/Importance of Bank

    • Classification of Bank (Central Bank, Commercial Bank)

    • Concepts of Money Market and Capital Market

    • Monetary Policy: Meaning and Types

    • Total Number of Commercial Banks and Development Banks in Nepal (Province wise)

  • Unit 3.2: Government Finance

    • Meaning, Difference between Government and Private Finance

    • Importance or Role of Government Finance

    • Government Expenditure

    • Government Revenue

    • Taxes (Types, Progressive, Proportional, Regressive, Canons of Taxation)

    • Government Borrowing

    • Government Budget

  • Unit 3.3: International Trade

    • Introduction, Role or Importance of International/Foreign Trade

    • Concept of Balance of Trade (BOT)

    • Concept of Balance of Payment (BOP)

    • Measures to Reduce Trade Deficit in Nepal: Increasing Competitiveness

    • Exchange Rate: Concept and Types

    • Free Trade and Protectionism

    • Comparative Cost Theory of International Trade

• Chapter 4: Development Economics

  • Concept of Poverty, Characteristics, Causes, Remedial Measures

  • Concept of Inequality

  • Unemployment, Remedies to Minimize Unemployment

  • Human Resources (Meaning, Role/Importance, Human Development Index (HDI))

  • Current Population Status of Nepal

  • Indicators of Human Development

• Chapter 5: Nepalese Economy

  • Unit 5.1: Foreign Trade and Foreign Employment of Nepal

    • Introduction, Role or Importance of International/Foreign Trade

    • Nepal's Foreign Trade

    • General Introduction to WTO and SAFTA

    • Foreign Employment and Remittance in Nepal

  • Unit 5.2: Development Planning in Nepal

    • Concept of Development Planning

    • General Evaluation of the Immediate Past Plan

    • The Fifteenth Plan (Mid July 2019 – Mid July 2024)

  • Unit 5.3: Sustainable Development Goals of United Nations and Nepal

    • Sustainable Development

    • Sustainable Development Goals of United Nations

• Chapter 6: Quantitative Techniques in Economics

• Unit 6.1: Definition of Statistics

  • Origin and Development, Definition, Importance and Scope, Functions, Limitations or Weaknesses

• Unit 6.2: Collection of Data

Concept, Pre-Requisites, Types of Data, Methods of Collecting Primary Data, Sources of Secondary Data, Precautions, Techniques of Data Collection, Methods of Sampling, Use of Statistics in Economics

• Unit 6.3: Measures of Dispersion

  • Concept, Essential Requisites, Types of Measures of Dispersion, Measures of Dispersion (Exercises)

• Unit 6.4: Index Number

  • Meaning, Types of Index Number, Price Index Number, List of Formula (Exercises)

Board Exam Information

The NEB Class 12 Economics board exam, titled "Economics [Eco.304]", is designed to assess your comprehensive understanding of the subject. It carries a total of 75 marks and has a duration of 3 hours (180 minutes). The question paper is divided into three distinct sections: